The triumph of nationalism destroyed the multi-ethnic Ottoman political and social order and replaced it by nation-states. Many explanations attributed the mass violence to a devious conspiracy between (crypto-) Jews, Freemasons, and Turks against Greeks and Armenians. Ugur Ungor argues that these pseudo-explanations are a product of two processes: one of competition between victim groups, and another of intellectual secularization. Lecture given 13 November 2008 for the Centre for Research into Freemasonry and Fraternalism.

Listed here are links to Mass Observation Special Reports in the University of Sussex Special Collections catalogue, digitised as part of the Observing the 1980s Project. Users can click on additional links to a PDF of the panel member's report, and to an entry in the catalogue providing more information about them. Special Reports is the term given to spontaneous responses from Mass Observation Project Panel members, writing either outside the range of Directive topics or sending in further comment on a subject already covered at an earlier date. The Special Reports were selected for their relevance to themes addressed in the undergraduate history course ‘1984: Thatcher’s Britain’ at the University of Sussex.