Until 1971 the UK used pounds (£), shillings (s) and pence (d). There were 12 pence in shilling. 20 shillings in a pound 240 pence in a pound. More about decimalisation can be found here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_Day If basic arithmetic wasn’t enough of a problem, statistics must have been a nightmare. This excel spreadsheet enables the input of up to 300 prices in pounds, shillings and pence and calculates: The Total sum Mean average Standard Deviation Maximum Minimum Upper quartile Lower Quartile Median It also converts all the pounds, shillings and pence data into (today’s) decimal currency. This makes pre-1971 and post-1971 comparisons possible. (Full details of the mathematics behind this are in the Wikipedia article cited above). The excel side of things is a complicated and probably far more complex than it needs to be. Any improvements welcome.

Free download: Complete Pantheon of Logic. Great minds since Aristotle. Who, What, When, Where.

This is the module outline of a new course that will be taught at the School of Modern Languages and Cultures of the University of Leeds from September 2012. This course is aimed at Final Year students of all our Spanish BA's. It has been designed as part of the University of Leeds' contribution to the JISC-funded OpenLIVES Project, in collaboration with the University of Southampton and the University of Portsmouth. You can also find a blog entry discussing the rationale for methodologies chosen. The module combines research-based learning and professional/life skills and allows students to be real producers of cultural critical knowledge.

These resources relate to an event which took place on 12th May, 2012, at the University of Southampton. It marked the 75th anniversary of the arrival of Spanish child refugees in Southampton. The event was attended by over 200 refugees and their families, as well as Spanish and Basque dignitaries, students and members of the public. It was a day of memories, emotion, history and warmth. There were many documents on display, which had been collected largely by the Basque Children's Association, and on this day, the Association officially handed their archive over to the University for safe-keeping.

This resource comprises a short video, two recorded interviews and an image of traditional Basque dancers at an event which took place on 12th May, 2012, at the University of Southampton. This event commemorated the arrival in Southampton, 75 years ago, of child refugees from Spain, who were fleeing the civil war. This group of Basque dancers took part in the event, which was attended by dignitaries from Spain and the Basque regional government. Interviews were conducted in Spanish. All use and versions of this material should be attributed. Please cite this work as: OpenLIVES project (2012). An open collection of research data and teaching materials relating to Spanish migrant stories. JISC

These interviews were recorded on 12th May, 2012, at an event marking the 75th anniversary of the arrival in Southampton of child refugees from Bilbao. Interviews were conducted by Pedro Garcia-Guirao during the event. The first interview, with Elena, is in English. The subsequent interviews, with Lloyd and Johnny, are in Spanish. All three students talk about the event and the experience of studying Spanish history and of meeting, in person, individuals who played a role in that history. All use and versions of this material should be attributed. Please cite this work as: OpenLIVES project (2012). An open collection of research data and teaching materials relating to Spanish migrant stories. JISC

A level 5 (second year) undergraduate module on the history of peasantry and nomads in the Middle East, since the rise of Islam until the present day.

The archive from the former ITV Border TV channel has been made available for academic use through an online, searchable website. This powerpoint presentation gives an idea of how Border TV resources could be used within your academic research and teaching.

A powerpoint presentation discussing how to use powerpoint hyperlinks within a lecture to enable the direction of the lecture to be led by student needs.

This powerpoint presentation from a workshop on 'teaching visual sources' discusses how to encourage students to think critically about visual images and how to increase awareness of how they could have been read differently in the past.

A selection of resources built around the theme of the French presence in Africa

This half day conference, organised by Dr Manus McGrogan at the University of Portsmouth on 12 May 2011, uncovered the trajectories of some of the movements that emerged in early 1970s France, helping to define the radical left politics of the era. This was the aftermath of May ‘68’s mass upheaval, when France, in the grip of student riots and a general strike, had seemed on the verge of revolution. May’s utopian dimension, embodied in slogans such as ‘sous les pavés la plage’ and ‘prenez vos désirs pour la réalité’, held the promise of a world transformed in which each could pursue their own desires, a powerful spur to thousands of young activists, students and workers. The mass revolt of May had also shown that collective action could change the world. These impulses, shaped subsequently by political, socio-cultural and international events, combined to generate new, youth-inflected gender/sexual liberation movements, independent immigrant organisation, ecology groups, underground press, and other movements that were linked to, or autonomous of left political organisation. However, activists also had to contend with a Gaullist State that tentatively introduced reforms, whilst clamping down on the hard left ‘troublions’ still agitating for popular revolt. Intervention in the workers movement also proved problematic given the PCF/CGT dominance in the major workplaces. President Georges Pompidou, on a path of modernising France, perpetuated the social conservatism of his predecessor de Gaulle; faced with these barriers, activists of the Mouvement de Mai sought to merge political radicalism with the cultural underground to fashion an alternative France, as a May-inspired slogan intoned, changer la vie. But what happened to this surge of hope for change? Five academics presented papers on important aspects of this early 1970s radicalism, with the participation of students and lecturers from similar disciplines. They considered the origins and development of the new movements, their significance within Pompidou’s France; the interrelationship of movements, and finally their resonance, or relevance in the France of today. The conference was also part of the undergraduate programme in French History and was generously supported by the LLAS subject centre. The exam was based on the themes developed during the conference. A half day conference, organised at the University of Portsmouth on 12 May 2011, uncovered the trajectories of some of the movements that emerged in early 1970s France, helping to define the radical left politics of the era. This was the aftermath of May ‘68’s mass upheaval, when France, in the grip of student riots and a general strike, had seemed on the verge of revolution. May’s utopian dimension, embodied in slogans such as ‘sous les pavés la plage’ and ‘prenez vos désirs pour la réalité’, held the promise of a world transformed in which each could pursue their own desires, a powerful spur to thousands of young activists, students and workers. The mass revolt of May had also shown that collective action could change the world. These impulses, shaped subsequently by political, socio-cultural and international events, combined to generate new, youth-inflected gender/sexual liberation movements, independent immigrant organisation, ecology groups, underground press, and other movements that were linked to, or autonomous of left political organisation. However, activists also had to contend with a Gaullist State that tentatively introduced reforms, whilst clamping down on the hard left ‘troublions’ still agitating for popular revolt. Intervention in the workers movement also proved problematic given the PCF/CGT dominance in the major workplaces. President Georges Pompidou, on a path of modernising France, perpetuated the social conservatism of his predecessor de Gaulle; faced with these barriers, activists of the Mouvement de Mai sought to merge political radicalism with the cultural underground to fashion an alternative France, as a May-inspired slogan intoned, changer la vie. But what happened to this surge of hope for change? Five academics presented papers on important aspects of this early 1970s radicalism, with the participation of students and lecturers from similar disciplines. They considered the origins and development of the new movements, their significance within Pompidou’s France; the interrelationship of movements, and finally their resonance, or relevance in the France of today. The conference was also part of the undergraduate programme in French History and was generously supported by the LLAS subject centre. The exam was based on the themes developed during the conference.

This document contains information for new users of archives and libraries in Russia and Ukraine. It contains contact information and practical tips on using archives and libraries, ordering material and making the most of a research trip to Russia or Ukraine. It also contains specialist vocabulary in Russian and Ukrainian.

Brief summary of 19th Century Spanish History

This self-study pack is designed to help you understand the Dutch Revolt in the sixteenth century, using a key historical document from the period. It is aimed at learners with an intermediate knowledge of Dutch. You can check out an original edition of the document, read some fragments of it, get help with historical references, analyse certain themes, and explore related pictorial material.

This self-study pack is designed to help you understand the Dutch Revolt in the sixteenth century, using a key historical document from the period. It is aimed at learners with only a minimal knowledge of Dutch. You can check out an original edition of the document, read four fragments of it, get help with historical references and concepts, analyse certain themes, and explore related pictorial material.

A PowerPoint that forms part of a module studying death in religion

This interactive multimedial timeline on Anglo-Dutch relations from antiquity to 1830, uses MIT’s Simile technology and is based on the manuscript 'The Stranger’s case : a timeline of Cross-Channel Interactions' by Jaap Harskamp, curator of the Dutch and Flemish collections at the British Library, in which he has compiled and annotated a comprehensive list of over 800 events relating to Anglo-Dutch relations throughout the centuries. It is part of the Open Learning Environment in early modern Low Countries history (http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dutch/OER).

America 1900-1949: Music, Times, Books, Stage, Film, Sports, Personalities (I NEED COMMENTS FROM THE 1,000+ HUMBOXIANS WHO HAVE DOWNLOADED THIS.)

An ice-breaker activity intended to question assumptions and stimulate discussion. Learners write down four things they associate with the French Revolution on a bingo card. The activity is designed so that those they are less likely to think of, such as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, are 'called' before the more obvious ones (e.g. the guillotine). Contents: two slide powerpoint, bingo cards and rules.

Powerpoint presentation - A brief introduction to famous people born in Latvia. This presentation can be used for culture and language classes. It was originally used to make role cards to practise introducing oneself.

Powerpoint presentation - Identity, memory and landscape: a case study of Estonia. This was originally devised as a conference presentation, but has since been used for teaching purposes, on a summer school in Estonia in July 2009 and on an MSc course in Glasgow. The Powerpoint supported a workshop format, where students were invited to reflect on the various images in groups.

Powerpoint version of a lecture given at Peter Pazmany RC University, Budapest. Hungarian literature, literature and culture, creating national cultural institutions. Used as powerpoint aide to summer school lecture.

Texts, powerpoint presentations Information on the life and work of several Czech authors As reference material; power points are used in class to complement lectures.

Word document - Information on the life and work of Václav Havel. Used as reference material in teaching

Word document - Review of Milan Kundera´s Unbearable Lightness of Being. Used as reference material in teaching

Word document - Information on the life and work of Milan Kundera. Used as reference material in teaching.

Word document - Information on the life and work of Michal Viewegh. Used as reference material for teaching

Word document - Information on the life and work of Emil Hakl (real name Jan Beneš). Used as reference material in teaching

Information on the life and work of several Czech authors, Used as reference material in class to complement lectures

Powerpoint presentation - Information on the life and work of Karel Capek. Used in class to complement lectures

PDF - Ethnic maps depicting Lithuanian distribution in Russian Empire (mid 19th century – 1914). Conference presentations, PhD dissertation

Ethnic maps depicting Lithuanian distribution in Russian Empire (mid 19th century – 1914. Conference presentations, PhD dissertation

Powerpoint Presentations - Ethnic distribution in the North Western part of the Russian Empire (mid 19th c. – 1914. Ethnic maps depicting Lithuanian distribution in Russian Empire (mid 19th century – 1914. Conference presentations, PhD dissertation

Word document - Estonian History, Society and Culture The Livonian War. Estonians Under the Swedish Rule. The Great Norhern War. Handouts for the lectures of Estonian History, Society and Culture

Word document - Estonians in the 14th to 16th centuries. Handouts for the lectures of Estonian History, Society and Culture

Word document - Estonia in the Middle Ages and the The ancient Estonian religion. Handouts for the lectures on Estonian History, Society and Culture

Estonian history from the beginning to the Livonian War. Handouts for the lectures on Estonian History, Society and Culture

Word document - The beginning of Estonian history, until the end of the Iron Age. Handouts for the lectures on Estonian History, Society and Culture

A selection of video interviews exploring the Czech: Economy, Literature and History. The video's have been produced for Humbox, but will be used for teaching

Video interview with Dr Jan Culik discussing Czech History. The video footage was produced for Humbox, but will be used in teaching.

A selection of documents used in language and culture lectures covering Latvia's History, Literature, Language, communities, folk art and music

A list of internet resources for Honours students studying Latvian Language, History, Society and Culture at beginners’ and intermediate level, as well as for students at all levels who are taking Latvian as their compulsory language as part of the language-based postgraduate degree in Russian, Central and East European Studies.

Powerpoint presentation used in Slovene language and culture lectures. Explores the history and cultural traditions of Slovenia

Powerpoint presentation used in modules covering Slovene Language and culture. Explores the history and legends of Slovenia

Powerpoint presentations on various topics, covering different aspects of Slovene culture and civilization. Language, Geography and Tourism, History and Legends, Traditional Slovenia, Slovenia Today, Culture, Literature, Famous Slovenes. Used as teaching aids for modules about Slovene culture and other language modules to explain certain aspects of Slovenia

Word Document, Lecture - Stalin’s Consolidation of Power, 1924-41

Powerpoint presentation: A description of the development of the Latvian language, as well as folk songs, folk tales, proverbs and beliefs. This was originally a lecture as part of a series of events relating to Central and Eastern Europe.

This resource includes a reproduction of a 1923 monument commemmorating the Tirailleurs Sénégalais who fought for France during the First World War. The original of this monument was erected in Reims and destroyed by the Germans in 1940. An exact copy used to be displayed in Bamako (Mali) but is not currently on public display. This small-scale reproduction may be viewed at the Musée des Forces Armées in Dakar (Senegal) This resource also includes the reproduction of a certificate awarded to a Tirailleurs Sénégalais batallion, in recognition of its bravery in battle during the First World War. The website: www.tirailleursenegalais.com, is very interesting in the way that it rehabilitates the tirailleurs into a national narrative ('batisseurs du monde libre') but of course completely glosses over the fact that many tirailleurs also fought for France in its two wars of decolonisation in Indochina and Algeria.

Photographs of buildings and their details in Southampton, Hampshrie, UK.

Photographs of Salisbury Cathedral, Wiltshire.

Photographs of the outside of the Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington, London.

This podcast in Portuguese was created by Emilia Kroprowska ,a student of Spanish and Latin American Studies at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project entitled ‘The Role of Student Audio Casting and Production in the Language Learning Curriculum’. The podcast was created using Audacity recording software and enhanced with free images using Windows Movie Maker. The recording is based on the student’s own original research carried out in the year 2007 - 2008. The theme is the Afro-Brazilian religion Candomblé. Ritual sacrifice of animals is a feature of this religion, a practice which is frequently misunderstood by people not familiar with the religion. The recording, based on an interview with a Brazilian practitioner of Candomblé, explains the true significance of this ritual and its meaning within the context of the religion as a whole. The podcast can be used as a learning resource in several different ways: as a focus for discussion, aural comprehension or as a base for further research by students in the field of Lusophone, Brazilian and Latin American studies. A transcript of the podcast is also provided.

A collection of seminar and lecture materials for the Level 3 module on the French Wars of Religion.

A lectuer powerpoint presentation for the module 'Theatre of Cruelties'. This lecture deals specifically with Henri IV.

A lecture powerpoint presentation for the module 'Theatre of Cruelties'. This lecture refocuses the discussion of the French wars of religion to the nobles and how their culture added to a culture of 'noble violence'.

A lecture powerpoint presentation for the module 'Theatre of Cruelties'. This lecture handles the topic of the St Bartholomew's massacre.

A lecture powerpoint presentation for the module 'Theatre of Cruelties'. This lecture deals with religious, judicial and political reform.

A lecture powerpoint presentation for the module 'Theatre of Cruelties'. This lecture deals with the failure of the French monarchy between 1559-1562 and the outbreak of civil war.

A lecture powerpoint presentation for the module 'Theatre of Cruelties' . This lecture dels with Geneva and Jean Calvin's role in the French Reformation.

A lecture powerpoint presentation for the module 'Theatre of Cruelties'. This lecture deals with the monarchy's initial role in fighting heresy.

A lecture powerpoint presentation for the module 'Theatre of Cruelties' focued on the prelude to the French Wars of Religion.

Seminar outline with bibliography.

Seminar outline with bibliography and extracts.

Seminar outline with bibliography.

Seminar outline with bibliography. This resource also includes two papers on topics related to the seminar - authored by Mark Greengrass.

Seminar outline with seminar assignments, and a bibliography

Seminar outline with seminar assignments, bibliography and extracts.

Seminar outline with seminar assignments, bibliography and extracts.

Seminar outline with seminar assignments, bibliography and extracts.

Seminar outline with bibliography and biography on Richard Verstegan.

Mark Greengrass, 'Rumeur et Bien Public dans Les Ligues Provinciales Catholiques: l'exemple de Laon'. Presented 17 July 2008. Discusses in particular Jean Bodin and the Catholic League.

Mark Greengrass, 'Technology and Tolerance during the Commonwealth: Samuel Hartlib and the Republic of Letters'. Given 27 March 1999 at the Colloque 1'Universite de Paris-X.

Paper given September 2008 by Mark Greengrass entitled: 'Governing Rhetorics in Transitional Politics: The case of Henri IV of France (with some Dutch comparisons)'. This paper discusses transitions of politics in Bourbon France and the Dutch Republic.

A paper given by Professor Mark Greengrass at the 1641 Depositions Workshop in Dublin on 12 December 2008. The paper focuses on mass violence in the seventeenth-century.

A collection of seminar sheets with bibliographies and topic summaries prepared for the Special Subject module: Ghosts, Witches and Portents in Early Modern Europe. This module ran at the Department of History, University of Sheffield.

This seminar deals with the Royal Society of London and the rising 'new science' and 'experimental philosophy' of the 17th century.

This seminar examines microscopy in the 17th century.

This seminar looks into the experimental philosophy that grew during the 17th century in Europe.

This seminar examines Millenarianism.

This seminar looks at the scriptural grounds for believing that the 'Last Days' would be accompanied by 'false prophets'.

This seminar explores the contested role of Astrology in early-modern Europe.

A seminar about early-modern almanacs and astrology and how opinions about these changed during the period.

This seminar explores how 'monstrous creatures' and human birth accidents were understood as signs of God's providence.

A seminar that explores beliefs in portents in early-modern Europe. This seminar is linked to seminar 07 on Protestant Piety.

A seminar focused on providential beliefs in early-modern Europe.

A seminar focused on reformation debates about miracles.

A Seminar examining sudden death and the belief in providential punishment in early-modern Europe.

This seminar focuses on Joseph Glanvill's Saducismus Triumphatus, which attempts to provide a 'reasonable' justification of the existence and power of witchcraft in the world.

A seminar examining the role of exorcism in Elizabethan protestant circles, and how the idea fitted uncomfortably in the revised religion.

This seminar examines the idea of Demonic possession in early-modern European thought.

Link to the Holocaust Memorial Day Trust website, with the 2010 theme 'The legacy of hope' to mark the 65th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau on 27th January 1945.

This collection contains original documents, academic texts and bibliographical references related to France and in its former Sub-Sahara African colonies.

This podcast in Portuguese was created by Emilia Kropowska, a student of Spanish and Latin American Studies at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project entitled 'The Role of Student Audio Casting and Production in the Language Learning Curriculum'. The podcast was created using Audacity recording software and enhanced with free images using Windows Movie Maker. The recording is based on the student's own original research carried out in the year 2007-2008. This podcast explains the role of orixás in the Afro-Brazilian religion of Candomblé, which was brought to Brazil during the era of slavery, and which has since become one of Brazil's major religions. Orixás play a pivotal role in Candomblé ritual and belief; they are intermediaries between human beings, nature and the divine. The podcast focuses particularly on the role of the orixá Exu, and what he represents within the belief system of Candomblé. The podcast can be used as a learning resource in several different ways: as a focus for discussion, aural comprehension or as a base for further research by students in the field of Lusophone, Brazilian and Latin American studies. A transcription of the podcast is provided.

This podcast in Portuguese was created by Emilia Kroprowska ,a student of Spanish and Latin American Studies at the School of Languages and Area Studies, University of Portsmouth, as a part of a research project entitled ‘The Role of Student Audio Casting and Production in the Language Learning Curriculum’. The podcast was created using Audacity recording software and enhanced with free images using Windows Movie Maker. The recording is based on the student’s own original research carried out in the year 2007 - 2008. The theme is the Afro-Brazilian religion Candomblé. The recording describes the religion’s origins in Africa, the means by which it was brought to Brazil, and subsequently adapted over the centuries. The recording also explains the theology, beliefs and rituals which are most characteristic of Candomblé. The podcast can be used as a learning resource in several different ways: as a focus for discussion, aural comprehension or as a base for further research by students in the field of Lusophone, Brazilian and Latin American studies. A transcription of the podcast including original photos is also provided.

A collection of drawings of views in Greece by the English traveller and archaeologist Edward Dodwell (1776/7-1832).

Image of Monastery of Megaspelia drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Lake of Stymphalos drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Temple of Apollo Epicurius drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Plain of Olympia drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Gate of the Lions at Mycenae drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of the Sepulchre of Hassan Baba drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Mount Olympos as seen between Larrisa and Baba drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Larissa drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of the Hyperian Fountain at Pherae drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of the village of Portaria drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of the pass of Thermopylae drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of the Monastery of Phaineromene drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of the interior of the Temple of Jupiter Panhellenios drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of the Temple of Jupiter Panhellenios drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of South East view of the Temple of Sunium drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Athens, from the foot of Mount Anchesmus drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Temple of Jupiter Olympios and River llissos drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Entrance to Athens drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Bazar of Athens drawn by Edward Dodwell.

Image of Dance of the Derwisches drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

This pdf is derived from a seminar resource webpage from a core history undergraduate module looking at daily life in early modern society as part of the European World, 1500-1750. It includes hyperlinks to core resources, in the form of texts and images in a clear, reusable format.

Image of entrance to the Tower of the Winds drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

This pdf is derived from a seminar resource webpage from a core history undergraduate module looking at the European World, 1500-1750. It includes hyperlinks to core resources, in the form of texts, audio and images in a clear, reusable format.

Image of south view of the Erechtheion drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of West Front of the Parthenon drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of view of the Parthenon from Propylea drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Katabathron of Lake Kopais drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Ruins of Orchomenos drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Parnassus drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of the Kastalian Spring drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Dinner at Crisso drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Port Bathy and Capital of Ithaca drawn by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a festival at Athens from a drawing by Edward Dodwell. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

A selection of images from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings describing the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos (Hindus) by the Flemish artist Balthazar Solvyns.

Image of a Rajpoot. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Soonree. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Doby. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Seuly. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Aboyty. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Dandy. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Chassa-Doba. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Doam. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Jooghee. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Hulwye. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a B'haut. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Tauntee. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Koalhoo. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Chunhaury. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Gwalla. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Chooter. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Tamooly. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Sonaur-Bannya. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Kapauly. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

A podcast lecture on British parliamentary and electoral politics, 1688-1832: electoral politics in the age of reform

A podcast lecture on British parliamentary and electoral politics, 1688-1832: Whigs and tories, 1780-1832

A podcast lecture on British parliamentary and electoral politics, 1688-1832: Burke, Paine and Wollstonecraft

A podcast lecture on British parliamentary and electoral politics, 1688-1832: The French Revolution and British Politics

A podcast lecture on British parliamentary and electoral politics, 1688-1832: print and politics

A podcast lecture on British parliamentary and electoral politics, 1688-1832: radicalism, 1760-90

A podcast lecture on British parliamentary and electoral politics, 1688-1832: George III and the politicians

A podcast lecture on British parliamentary and electoral politics, 1688-1832: The Age of Oligarchy, Jacobites and Opposition Politics

Image of a Gund-Bunnya. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Myra. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Bowry. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Jellee-A Bearer. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Doolee-A Bearer. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Rowanny Bearer. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of an Ooria Bearer. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Tilly. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Kumaur. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Cansaury. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Sunkaury. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of an Auheer. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Chassa-Kybert. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Mauly. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Nauy. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Coomhar. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Beraye. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Augrees. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Dybuck. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Causto. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Byde. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Sudgope. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Sic (Sikh). Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Soodder. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Byce. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a K'huttry. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of an Ooria, Brahmun. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Brijbasi, Brahmun. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Drawer, Brahmun. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Kanoge, Brahmun. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of a Srotery, Brahmun. Taken from a collection of two hundred and fifty coloured etchings descriptive of the manners, customs, character, dress, and religious ceremonies of the Hindoos by Balthazar Solvyns. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Images of Eighteenth Century French Costume supplied by the collections of the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Eighteenth Century French Costume: Le Vrai Bonheur. Drawn by Jean Michel Moreau for his Restif de La Bretonne. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Eighteenth Century French Costume: Le Seigneur Chez son fermier. Drawn by Jean Michel Moreau for his Restif de La Bretonne. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Eighteenth Century French Costume: Le Souper Fin. Drawn by Jean Michel Moreau for his Restif de La Bretonne. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Eighteenth Century French Costume: La Sortie de L'Opera. Drawn by Jean Michel Moreau for his Restif de La Bretonne. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Eighteenth Century French Costume: La Surprise. Drawn by Jean Michel Moreau for his Restif de La Bretonne. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Eighteenth Century French Costume: La Petite Loge. Drawn by Jean Michel Moreau for his Restif de La Bretonne. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Images of Eighteenth Century French Costume: Qui ou Non. Drawn by Jean Michel Moreau for his Restif de La Bretonne. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Eighteenth Century French Costume: Le Partie de Wisch. Drawn by Jean Michel Moreau for his Restif de La Bretonne. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.

Image of Eighteenth Century French Costume: Le Pari gagne. Drawn by Jean Michel Moreau for his Restif de La Bretonne.

Image of Eighteenth Century French Costume: La Course des Chaveaux. Drawn by Jean Michel Moreau for his Restif de La Bretonne. The original copy of this image can be found at the Roderic Bowen Library and Archives, University of Wales Lampeter.